ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی کدوحلوایی خشک‌شده به روش ترکیبی آبگیری اسمز - مایکروویو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران

چکیده

کدوحلوایی یک محصول جالیزی مهم با ارزش غذایی بسیار بالا می‌باشد. در این پژوهش تأثیر خشک کردن ترکیبی آبگیری اسمز - مایکروویو ورقه‌های کدوحلوایی با ضخامت‌های 5 و 7 میلی‌متر، غلظت‌های محلول اسمزی 45، 55 و 65 درصد ساکاروز و در زمان های 15، 30، 45، 60، 90، 120،150،180 دقیقه و توان‌های مختلف 100، 300 و 500 وات به عنوان خشک کردن تکمیلی موردبررسی قرار گرفت. ویژگی‌های فیزیکی شامل بافت، چروکیدگی، رنگ و ویژگی‌های شیمیایی شامل پروتئین، خاکستر، رطوبت، بتاکاروتن، چربی، آهن، کلسیم، سدیم، پتاسیم، فسفر، فیبر و ویتامین A موردبررسی قرار گرفت. تیمارهای اسمزی، مقاومـت و سـفتی بافـت را کاهش داده‌اند. کمترین مقدار چروکیدگی مربوط به کدوحلوایی خشک‌شده در توان 100 وات بود (09/71 درصد) و اختلاف معنی‌داری بین نمونه ها مشاهده شد. مقدار بتاکاروتن کدوحلوایی با ضخامت 5/0 و 7/0 سانتیمتر آبگیری شده در غلظت 55 درصد بین 6/2-5/3% بود. از نظر نتایج آماری بررسی فیبر بین نمونه‌های خشک‌شده در توان 100 و 300 وات اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد ولی با نمونه خشک‌شده در توان 500 وات اختلاف معنی‌دار داشتند. مقدار سدیم کدوحلوایی با ضخامت 5/0 و 7/0 سانتیمتر خشک‌شده در توان 100 وات در مایکروویو بین 02/0-01/0% می‌باشد. مقدار کلسیم کدوحلوایی با ضخامت 5/0 سانتیمتر که تحت توان‌های 100،300 و 500 وات خشک شدند بین 08/1-05/1% بود. ورقه‌های کدوحلوایی خشک‌شده توسط مایکروویو با توان 100 وات نسبت به تیمارهای 300 و 500 وات تیرگی کمتری داشتند. در مجموع زمان 150 دقیقه برای فرآیند اسمز و توان 500 وات برای خشک کن مایکروویو انتخاب شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Physicochemical characterization of dried pumpkin using osmosis – microwave method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Sharifian 1
  • S. Hossein Hosseini Ghaboos 2
1 Graduated MSc Student, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr , Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr , Iran
چکیده [English]

Pumpkin is important cucurbit with very high nutritional value. In this study, the effect of osmosis - microwave combination drying of pumpkin slices with a thickness of 5 and 7 mm, sucrose osmotic solution concentrations of 45, 55 and 65% and at times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min and power of 100, 300 and 500 watts were used as complementary drying. Physical parameters such as texture, shrinkage, color and chemical parameters such as protein, ash, moisture, β-carotene, fat, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, fiber and vitamin A were studied. Osmotic treatments have reduced the resistance and firmness. The lowest amount of shrinkage was related to dried pumpkin at 100 watt power (71.09%) and significantly difference was observed between samples. The amount of β-carotene for pumpkin with thickness of 0.5 and 0.7 cm dried at a concentration of 55% was between 2.6-3.5%. According to the statistical results there was no significant difference of fiber in the dried samples at power of 100 and 300 watts, but dried samples with the power of 500 watts were significantly different. Amount of pumpkin sodium with thickness of 0.5 and 0.7 cm dried at the 100 watt in microwave oven was between 0.01-0.02%. Calcium content of pumpkin with 0.5 cm thick dried under the powers of 100, 300 and 500 watts were between 1.05-1.08%. The dried pumpkin slices with microwave with 100 watt power had lower darkness related to 300 and 500 watt. A total time of 150 minutes for the osmosis process and power of 500 w was selected for the microwave dryer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Osmosis dehydration
  • β-Carotene
  • Shrinkage
  • Pumpkin
  • Microwave
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