Comparison of Modeling with Fuzzy Logic Method and Mixture Design in Predicting the Formulation of Ziziphora Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Production

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

Kakooti, which possesses significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties, can enhance bioavailability and absorption in the body when utilized in nanoemulsions. The production of this type of emulsion through a subcritical water method offers higher stability and a more uniform distribution due to the small particle size, which can contribute to improving the efficacy of its active compounds. In the present study, kakooti essential oil was extracted using a Cloninger device, yielding 2.2 milliliters of oil. Subsequently, the formulation optimization of kakooti essential oil (0-0.25), Tween 80 emulsifier (0-4.5), and distilled water (20-25 milliliters) was conducted under subcritical water conditions at 120°C for 2 hours. The results indicated that the optimal formulation consisted of 0.44 mL of essential oil, 3.56 mL of emulsifier, and 21 mL of distilled water, which resulted in the smallest average particle size (150 nanometers) and the highest antioxidant property (58%). In this study, fuzzy logic was employed to predict the two responses: average particle size and antioxidant property as a function of the formulation quantities. The analysis of the fuzzy logic model demonstrated its effectiveness as a powerful method for estimating the characteristics of the produced nanoemulsion in the studied system. The average relative errors of the proposed fuzzy method compared to the target data for average particle size and antioxidant property were found to be 1.84% and 5.82%, respectively. The comparison of the fuzzy logic method's errors with those of the mixture design model (84.2% and 72.7% errors for estimating average particle size and antioxidant property) clearly highlights the superiority of the fuzzy modeling technique.

Graphical Abstract

Comparison of Modeling with Fuzzy Logic Method and Mixture Design in Predicting the Formulation of Ziziphora Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Production

Highlights

  • The research included the production and optimization of Ziziphora essential oil nanoemulsion using mixture design and its comparison with fuzzy logic model.
  • The produced nanoemulsion exhibited low particle size and high antioxidant activity, indicating its high quality.
  • The subcritical water method was introduced as a mild and efficient approach for producing stable nanoemulsions.
  • Fuzzy logic was used as an accurate tool for predicting the particle size and antioxidant activity of nanoemulsions.
  • The high accuracy and predictive capability of fuzzy logic enhance the optimization of nanoemulsion formulations and have wide industrial applications.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Innovative Food Technologies
Volume 12, Issue 2
February 2025
Pages 114-135

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History

  • Receive Date: 14 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 26 February 2025
  • Accept Date: 17 March 2025

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