Investigation of Black Tea Leave Pre-treatment by Microwave and Ultrasound to Extract Effective Compounds

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Chemical Technology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)

2 Graduated (MSc of Organic chemistry) from Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Faculty, Payambar Azam Department, Islamic Azad University- Central Tehran (Iran),

Abstract

In this paper, microwave and ultrasound irradiation were compared for pre-treating the black tea (Camelia Sinensis) leaves powder to increase the weight percentage of extraction yield of effectives compounds in multi stage solvent extraction (MSSE) via three stage extraction with distilled water. Maximum extraction yield by MSSE from the un-pretreated tea sample at optimum condition (135 min extraction time, 65°C extraction temperature and 25 ml/g solvent to solid ratio) was obtained 24.53±0.28% w/w. For microwave pre-treating, the tea samples were leached in distilled water at room temperature for 80 min and then exposed to microwaves at 600 W for 1 min. Maximum extraction yield from the microwave pre-treated sample by MSSE at optimum condition (90 min extraction time, 40°C extraction temperature and 20 ml/g solvent to solid ratio) was obtained 37.06±0.34% w/w. For ultrasound pre-treating, the tea samples were irradiated by ultrasonic waves at a mild condition including of 10 min irradiation time at amplitude of 70% and pulse of 0.7 s. Maximum extraction yield from the ultrasound pre-treated sample by MSSE at optimum condition (108 min extraction time, 55°C extraction temperature and 18 ml/g solvent to solid ratio) was obtained 31.47±0.38% w/w. So both of the pre-treating methods had significant effect on improving the extraction yield and softening the extraction condition in MSSE and the microwave pre-treating was the better one. The extraction yield (37.15±0.19% w/w) obtained by SOX at optimum operating condition (5h extraction time at boiling point of water) was close to those obtained by MSSE from pre-treated samples, but amounts of the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the SOX extract were less than those obtained by other extraction methods considered in this study that was due to prolong heating process in the soxhlet extraction.

Graphical Abstract

Investigation of Black Tea Leave Pre-treatment by Microwave and Ultrasound to Extract Effective Compounds

Highlights

  • Achieving two effective methods to quantitative extraction of water soluble compounds and an extract rich in phenolics from the black tea leaves.
  • Using the minimum irradiation time by microwave as a pre-treatment stage to extract of bio-compounds from the black tea sample.
  • Using the minimum irradiation time by ultrasound as a pre-treatment stage to extract of bio-compounds from the black tea sample.
  • Effective use of conventional multi stage solvent extraction method for extraction of water soluble compounds from the black tea sample under a mild condition.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

 
Innovative Food Technologies
Volume 8, Issue 2
February 2021
Pages 221-234

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History

  • Receive Date: 12 September 2020
  • Revise Date: 15 October 2020
  • Accept Date: 09 January 2021

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