Antimicrobial Effects of ethanolic extract of the hull and the core of Pistacia Khinjuk stocks

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Graduated MSc Student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

4 Assistant professor, Tabriz university

5 Expert, Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

In this study, antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of hull and core of wild pistacia fruit, Khinjuk species, was examined against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Ethanol extract was taken using the percolation method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antimicrobial minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined using dilution and the agar dilution method. The zone of growth inhibition was evaluated by the disk diffusion test. Turbidity of bacterial suspensions were adjusted using a solution of 0/5 McFarland with standard equivalent of 1/5108 CFU/ml. Nutrient agar and nutrient broth culture media were used for the dilution test. The obtained results showed that the ethanol extract of wild pistacia has antimicrobial effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MIC and MBC was lower in hull extract than core extract for both bacteria. In addition, hull extract had better antimicrobial effect than core extract in agar dilution method. Growth inhibition zone of S.aureus was bigger comparing to that of E.coli. The diameter of bacterial growth inhibition zone of the hull extract was bigger than core extract for both bacteria. Antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of wild pistacia fruit against gram-negative was more than gram-positive bacteria that can be because of resistance of peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Aghaee, K. (2011). Chemical composition of essential oil of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks grown in Bakhtiari Zagross mountains, Iran. Electronic Journal of Biology, 7,  67-69.
[2] Delazar, A., Reid, R.G., Sarker, S.D. (2004). GC-MS Analysis of the essential oil from the oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica VAR. mutica. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 40(1), 24-27.
[3] Raman, A., Weir, U., Bloomfield, S.F. (1995). Antimicrobial effects of tea tree oil and its major components on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Appl. Microbial, 21, 242-245.
[4]Carson, C.F., Riley, T.V. (1995). Antimicrobial activity of the major components of the essential oil of Melaleca alternifoli. Journal Appl. Bacteriol, 78, 264-269.
[5] آزادمرد دمیرچی، ص. (1389). شیمی و تجزیه روغن­ها و چربی­های خوراکی. انتشارات عمیدی، تبریز.
[6] حاجی مهدی­پور، ه.؛ خانوی، م.؛ شکرچی، م.؛ عابدی، ز.؛ پیرعلی همدانی، م. (1388). بررسی بهترین روش استخراج ترکیبات فنلی موجود در گیاه سرخارگل. فصلنامه گیاهان دارویی، سال هشتم، دوره4، جلد 32، 152-145.
[7] جلالی، م.؛ عابدی، د.؛ قاسمی دهکردی، ن.؛ چهارمحالی، ا. (1385). بررسی اثرات ضدمیکروبی عصاره هیدروالکلی تعدادی از گیاهان دارویی علیه باکتری لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد، دوره 8، شماره 3، 33-25.
[8] Das, K., Tiwari, R. K. S., Shrivastava,  D. K., (2010). Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(2), 104-111.
[9] Vanden, D.A., Vlietinck, A.J., In Dey, P.M., Harborne, J.B. (1991). Methods in plant biochemistry: screening methods for antibacterial and antiviral agents from higher plants. London: Academic Press, 47-69.
[10] Sindambiwe, J.B., Calomme, M., Cos, P., Totte, J., Pieters, L., Vlietinck, A. (1999). Screening of seven selected Rwandan medicinal plants for antimicrobial and antiviral activites. Journal Ethnopharmacol. 65(1), 71-77.
[11] Baner, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherries, J.C., Truck, M. (1991). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin Pathol, 45, 493-496.
[12] Mangena, T., Muyima, N.Y. (1999). Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Artemisia afra, Pteronia incana and Rosmarinus officinalis on selected bacteria and yeast strains. Lett Appl Microbiol. 28(4), 291-296.
[13] Gradwohl, R.B.H., Sonnenwirth, A.C., Jarett, L. (1980). Clinical laboratory methods and diagnosis. Mosby Company: St Louis, 267p.
[14] Scorzoni, L., Benaducci, T., Almeida, A.M.F., Silva, D.H.S., Bolzani, V.S., Mendes-Giannini, M.J.S. (2007). Comparative study of disk diffusion and microdilution methods for evaluation of antifungal activity of natural compounds against medical yeasts Candida spp and Cryptococcus sp. Journal of Basic and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28(1), 25-34.
[15] Taran, M., Sharifi, M., Azizi, E., Khanahmadi, M. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Pistacia khinjuk. Journal of  Medicinal plants, 9, 81-85.
[16] Bahrouz, M.A., Sirwan, H.Sh. (2003). The antibacterial activity of pistacia khinjuk resionous exudate. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani, 6, 75-81.
[17]Yalpani, M., Tyman, J.U.P. (1983). The phenolic acids of Pistachia vera. Phytochemistry, 22, 2263-2266.
[18] Marner, F.J., Freyer, A., Lex, J. (1991). Triterpenoids from gum mastic: The resin of Pistacia lentiscus. Phytochemistry, 30, 3709-3721.
[19]Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plants Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical microbiology reviews, 4, 564-582.
[20] Benhammou, N., Atik Bekkara, F., Kadifkova Panovska, T. (2008). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Pistacia lentiscus and Pistacia atlantica extracts. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2, 22-28.
[21] Malekzadeh, F. (1974). An antimicrobial compound in two Pistacia species. Mycopathologia et Mycologia applicata, 54, 73-77.
Innovative Food Technologies
Volume 1, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
September 2014
Pages 81-88

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 09 February 2014
  • Revise Date: 24 May 2014
  • Accept Date: 26 August 2014

Share

How to cite

Statistics