Experimental study and optimizing the effective parameters on the extraction of the anti-cancer substance naringin under ultrasound waves

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Master's student, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Gilan University, Rasht, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Gilan University, Rasht, Iran.

3 PhD student in Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Gilan University, Rasht, Iran.

Abstract

Naringin is an anti-oxidation and anti-cancer drug that is used for the synthesis of some important substances in the field of pharmaceutical and medical sciences. In this research, naringin substance is extracted from orange peel using ethanol solvent by ultrasonic method. Design-Expert (DOE) software was used to determine the optimal parameters including time, pH, and sample-to-solvent ratio while keeping the temperature constant at 40°C. The concentration and purity of naringin in the samples were measured using spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. According to DOE results, pH value had a greater effect on extraction efficiency compared to other parameters. The yield of naringin extraction was increased in less time and very weak acidic pH values. Naringin extraction reached the maximum value at the beginning of the process. Finally, the highest efficiency of naringin extraction was determined using 86.29% ethanol solvent at pH = 6.52, time 20 minutes, sample to solvent ratio 0.24, and extraction amount 123.27 mg/liter. The purity of naringin in the powder obtained from orange peel extract was measured as 88.20%. The ANOVA model for ethanol solvent showed a correlation coefficient of 0.96, which can be a suitable model for this extraction process.

Graphical Abstract

Experimental study and optimizing the effective parameters on the extraction of the anti-cancer substance naringin under ultrasound waves

Highlights

  • Ultrasound waves were used in the leaching and liquid-liquid extraction processes. The optimization of the effective factors in the extraction of naringin from orange peel was conducted using ethanol as the solvent.
  • The key parameters that were optimized in this process include pH, the sample-to-solvent ratio, and extraction time.
  • The concentration of naringin in each experiment was measured using spectrophotometric analysis, and the percentage purity of naringin was determined through HPLC analysis in the powder obtained from the orange peel extract.
  • The highest extraction yield of naringin using ethanol as the solvent was calculated to be 86.29%, and the purity of naringin in the powder obtained from the orange peel extract was measured at 88.206%.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Innovative Food Technologies
Volume 11, Issue 4
August 2024
Pages 313-331

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History

  • Receive Date: 10 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 20 December 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 January 2025

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