Evaluation of antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of the edible film based on sodium caseinate containing nettle extract

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 کرج جهانشهر خیابان کسری کوچه گلها پلاک چهل واحد اول

2 Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran 31587-11167 Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Adding natural antimicrobial compounds to food packaging is a common method of producing active packaging. Nettle extract has antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In this study, sodium caseinate films containing nettle extract (at three levels of 1, 3 and 5 w / w) were produced and their physical, mechanical, morphological, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of films containing nettle extract on gram-positive bacteria was greater than on gram-negative bacteria. The addition of nettle extract to sodium caseinate-based films increased water solubility, water vapor permeability and thickness, and reduced film tensile strength, percentage of elongation at rupture, and transparency.Scanning electron microscopy images also confirmed the results. Based on the results, it can be concluded that nettle extract can be a suitable antimicrobial agent for the production of food films based on sodium caseinate, which retains their physical and mechanical properties, for packaging various foods, especially food. Sensitive to gram-positive bacterial species.

Graphical Abstract

Evaluation of antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of the edible film based on sodium caseinate containing nettle extract

Highlights

  • Nettle extract has antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
  • The inhibitory effect of films containing nettle extract on gram-positive bacteria was greater than gram-negative bacteria.
  • Adding nettle extract to the samples increased the percentage of solubility in water, water vapor permeability and thickness.
  • The use of nettle extract reduced the tensile strength, the percentage of increase in length at rupture and also the transparency of the samples.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Abebe E, Gugsa G, Ahmed M. (2020). Review on major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens. J Tropical Medicine.
[2] Foromandi M., Khani M.R .(2019) The effect of chitosan edible coating containing garlic extract and coriander essential oil on microbial and sensory properties of rainbow trout fillet in refrigerated storage. J Food Microbiology., 6 ,1-14.
[3] Zakri Seyed Mehdi, Khademi Shurmasti Dariush (2016) .Comparison of active food coatings based on carbohydrates and proteins, enriched with ascorbic acid and propyl gallate on the microbial load of chicken fillets during storage, National Conference on New Achievements in the Food and Healthy Nutrition Industries. https://www.sid.ir/fa/seminar/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=23602
[4] Pérez-Santaescolástica, C., Munekata, P. E., Feng, X., Liu, Y., Bastianello Campagnol, P. C., & Lorenzo, J. M. (2020). Active edible coatings and films with Mediterranean herbs to improve food shelf-life. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, pp. 1-13.
[5] Zhang Y, Zhong Q. (2020).  Physical and antimicrobial properties of neutral nanoemulsions self-assembled from alkaline thyme oil and sodium caseinate mixtures. Int J Biological Macromolecules. 148:1046-52.
[6] Razavi Setoti H.  Mortazavi S.A.  Shakeri M.S., Toosi Beiraghi Sh., Asadolahi E. (2013).  Evaluating the feasibility of producing antimicrobial film based on sodium caseinate and essential oil of zataria multiflora boiss. Iranian Food Science and  Technology Research J , 9,  195-201.
[7] Khwaldia K, Perez C, Banon S, Desobry S, Hardy J. (2004). Milk proteins for edible films and coatings. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.44(4):239-51.
[8] Vieira MGA, da Silva MA, dos Santos LO, Beppu MM. (2011).  Natural-based plasticizers and biopolymer films: A review. European Polymer J. 47(3):254-63.
[9] Sofi S, Singh J, Rafiq S, Ashraf U, Dar B, Nayik GA. (2018).  A comprehensive review on antimicrobial packaging and its use in food packaging. Current Nutrition & Food Science. 14(4):305-12.
[10] Pranoto Y, Salokhe VM, Rakshit SK. (2005).  Physical and antibacte rial properties of alginate-based edible film incorporated with garlic oil. Food Research Int. 38(3):267-72.
[11] Colak BY, Peynichou P, Galland S, Oulahal N, Prochazka F, Degraeve P. (2016).  Antimicrobial activity of nisin and natamycin incorporated sodium caseinate extrusion‐blown films: A comparative study with heat‐pressed/solution cast films. J  Food Science. 81(5):E1141-E50.
[12] Yener Z, Celik I, Ilhan F, Bal R. Effects of Urtica dioica L. (2009).  Seed on lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and liver pathology in aflatoxin-induced tissue injury in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 47(2):418-24.
[13] Chrubasik JE, Roufogalis BD, Wagner H, Chrubasik S. (2007). A comprehensive review on the stinging nettle effect and efficacy profiles. Part II: urticae radix. Phytomedicine. 14(7-8):568-79.
[14] Shojaeizad S, Tavakoli R, Sheykholeslami MA. (2020).  Preparation and characterization of wound dressing based on chitosane including urtica dioica. Research in Medicine. 44(3):454-9.
[15] Almasi, H., Zandi, M., Beigzadeh, S., Haghju, S., & Mehrnow, N. (2016). Chitosan films incorporated with nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) extract-loaded nanoliposomes: II. antioxidant activity and release properties. J Microencapsulation, 33(5), 449-459.
[16] Abbasi Rad, S., & Askari, G. (2019). Optimization of edible Alyssum homalocarpum films for physical and mechanical properties. J Food and Bioprocess Engineering, 2(2), 85-92.
[17] Urbizo-Reyes, U., San Martin-González, M. F., Garcia-Bravo, J., & Liceaga, A. M. (2020). Development of chia seed (Salvia hispanica) mucilage films plasticized with polyol mixtures: mechanical and barrier properties. International J Biological Macromolecules, 163, 854-864.
[18] Fakhri, L. A., Ghanbarzadeh, B., Dehghannya, J., Abbasi, F., & Ranjbar, H. (2018). Optimization of mechanical and color properties of polystyrene/nanoclay/nano ZnO based nanocomposite packaging sheet using response surface methodology. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 17, 11-24.
[19] Safavi, M., & Javanmard, M. (2016). Effect of whey protein-rice bran oil incorporated zataria multiflora extract edible coating on chemical, physical and microbial quality of chicken egg.  Iranian Food Science and Technology Research J 11 ̦738-746.
[20] Jouki, M., Yazdi, F. T., Mortazavi, S. A.,  & Koocheki, A. (2014). Quince seed mucilage films incorporated with oregano essential oil: physical, thermal, barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Food Hydrocolloids., 36, 9-19.
[21] Kalia, A., Kaur, M., Shami, A., Jawandha, S. K., Alghuthaymi, M. A., Thakur, A., & Abd-Elsalam, K. A. (2021). Nettle-Leaf extract derived ZnO/CuO nanoparticle-biopolymer-based antioxidant and antimicrobial nanocomposite packaging films and their impact on extending the post-harvest shelf life of guava fruit. Biomolecules.11(2), 224.
[22] Mahjoorian, A., Jafarian, S., & Fazeli, F. (2021). Nettle (Utrica dioica) essential oil incorporation in edible film from caspian whitefish (Rutilus frisii kutum) scale: physical, antimicrobial, and morphological characterization. J Aquatic Food Product Technology., 30(2), 151-161.
[23] Fabra, M. J., Talens, P., & Chiralt, A. (2008). Tensile properties and water vapor permeability of sodium caseinate films containing oleic acid–beeswax mixtures. Journal of Food Engineering., 85(3), 393-400.
[24] Bank, H. L., John, J., Schmehl, M. K., & Dratch, R. J. (1990). Bactericidal effectiveness of modulated UV light. Applied and Environmental Microbiology., 56(12), 3888-3889.
[25] Seydim, A. C., & Sarikus, G. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of whey protein based edible films incorporated with oregano, rosemary and garlic essential oils. Food Research Int, 39(5), 639-644.
[26] Emam‐Djomeh Z, Moghaddam A, Yasini Ardakani SA. (2015).  Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract, physical, mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of pomegranate peel extract‐incorporated sodium caseinate film and application in packaging for ground beef. Packaging Technology and Science .̦28(10):869-81.
[27] Salarnia M, Ganjloo A, Emam-Djomeh Z, Bimakr M. (2018). Physical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of sodium caseinate-based edible film containing hemp seed oil. Innovative Food Technologies .̦5(3):485-97.
[28] Khwaldia K, Banon S, Desobry S, Hardy J. (2004). Mechanical and barrier properties of sodium caseinate–anhydrous milk fat edible films. Int J Food Science & Technology .̦39(4):403-11.
[29] Hosseini, M. H., Razavi, S. H., & Mousavi, M. A. (2009). Antimicrobial, physical and mechanical properties of chitosan‐based films incorporated with thyme, clove and cinnamon essential oils. J  Food Processing and Preservation, 33(6), 727-743.
[30] Liu, Z., Lin, D., Shen, R., Zhang, R., Liu, L., & Yang, X. (2021). Konjac glucomannan-based edible films loaded with thyme essential oil: Physical properties and antioxidant-antibacterial activities. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 29, 100700.
[31] Wang, B., Sui, J., Yu, B., Yuan, C., Guo, L., Abd El-Aty, A. M., & Cui, B. (2021). Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of corn starch-based films incorporated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil. Carbohydrate Polymers, 254, 117314.
[32] Valencia-Sullca, C., Vargas, M., Atarés, L., & Chiralt, A. (2018). Thermoplastic cassava starch-chitosan bilayer films containing essential oils. Food Hydrocolloids, 75, 107-115.
[33] Pires C, Ramos C, Teixeira B, Batista I, Nunes M, Marques A.(2013).  Hake proteins edible films incorporated with essential oils: physical, mechanical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Food Hydrocolloids.;30(1):224-31.
[34] do Evangelho, J. A., da Silva Dannenberg, G., Biduski, B., El Halal, S. L. M., Kringel, D. H., Gularte, M. A., ... & da Rosa Zavareze, E. (2019). Antibacterial activity, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties of corn starch films containing orange essential oil. Carbohydrate Polymers.̦ 222, 114981.
[35] Atarés, L., & Chiralt, A. (2016). Essential oils as additives in biodegradable films and coatings for active food packaging. Trends in Food Science & Technology.̦ 48, 51-62.
[36] Kim, H., Beak, S. E., & Song, K. B. (2018). Development of a hagfish skin gelatin film containing cinnamon bark essential oil. LWT., 96, 583-588.
[37] Zinoviadou KG, Koutsoumanis KP, Biliaderis CG. (2009). Physico-chemical properties of whey protein isolate films containing oregano oil and their antimicrobial action against spoilage flora of fresh beef. Meat Science .̦ 82(3):338-45.
[38] Pruneda E, Peralta‐Hernández J, Esquivel K, Lee S, Godínez L, Mendoza S.(2008).  Water vapor permeability, mechanical properties and antioxidant effect of mexican oregano–soy based edible films. J  Food Science ̦ 73(6):C488-C93.
[39] Saberi, B., Thakur, R., Vuong, Q. V., Chockchaisawasdee, S., Golding, J. B., Scarlett, C. J., & Stathopoulos, C. E. (2016). Optimization of physical and optical properties of biodegradable edible films based on pea starch and guar gum. Industrial Crops and Products., 86, 342-352.
[40] Shojaee-Aliabadi, S., Mohammadifar, M. A., Hosseini, H., Mohammadi, A., Ghasemlou, M., Hosseini, S. M., ... & Khaksar, R. (2014). Characterization of nanobiocomposite kappa-carrageenan film with zataria multiflora essential oil and nanoclay. Int  J Biological Macromolecules., 69, 282-289.
[41] Holley RA, Patel D. (2005). Improvement in shelf-life and safety of perishable foods by plant essential oils and smoke antimicrobials. Food Microbiology.̦ 22(4):273-92.
 [42] Imran M, Klouj A, Revol-Junelles A-M, Desobry S. (2014). Controlled release of nisin from HPMC, sodium caseinate, poly-lactic acid and chitosan for active packaging applications. J  Food Engineering.̦ 143:178-85.
 [43] Karami Moghaddam, A., Emam Jomeh, Z., & Yasini Ardakani, S. A. (2014). Effect of pomegranate peel extract on the antibacterial and mechanicalProperties of sodium caseinate film. Iranian J  Biosystems Engineering., 45(2), 121-130.
[44] Karami Moghaddam, A., Emam Jomeh, Z., & Yasini Ardakani, S. A. (2014). Effect of pomegranate peel extract on the antibacterial and mechanical properties of sodium caseinate film. Iranian J Biosystems Engineering., 45(2), 121-130.