Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Innovative Food Technologies2783-350X11320240420Microwave pretreatment of sprouted mung beans before hot-air and infrared drying processMicrowave pretreatment of sprouted mung beans before hot-air and infrared drying process182197135810.22104/ift.2024.6635.2164FAFakhreddinSalehiAssociate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-6653-860XJournal Article20231207Sprouting enhances the nutritional and quality characteristics of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.). In this study impacts of infrared radiation and hot-air drying on microwave-pretreated mung bean sprouts were examined. The microwave process was performed for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 s before hot-air and infrared dehydration of sprouted mung beans. Microwave pretreatment decreased drying time of sprouted mung beans. Increasing the microwave pretreatment time from 0 to 60 s caused drying time of samples inside the hot-air dryer to decrease from 205 min to 130 min (p<0.05). Drying time of sprouts in the infrared dryer was significantly less than the hot-air dryer (p<0.05). Effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff) calculated by Fick's second law, varied in the range of 1.06×10-10 - 1.60×10-10 m2s-1, and 0.98×10-9 - 1.15×10-9 m2s-1, for hot-air and infrared dried samples, respectively. Experimental data for drying curves were fitted to various thin-layer equations, and the Midilli equation was best suited to explain drying kinetics of sprouted mung beans. Average rehydration ratio of dried sprouted mung beans in hot-air and infrared dryers were 262.55%, and 211.65%, respectively. In summary, the microwave pretreatment (about 60 sec) and use of infrared dryer is appropriate drying technique for sprouted mung beans with faster mass transfer and shorter drying time.Sprouting enhances the nutritional and quality characteristics of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.). In this study impacts of infrared radiation and hot-air drying on microwave-pretreated mung bean sprouts were examined. The microwave process was performed for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 s before hot-air and infrared dehydration of sprouted mung beans. Microwave pretreatment decreased drying time of sprouted mung beans. Increasing the microwave pretreatment time from 0 to 60 s caused drying time of samples inside the hot-air dryer to decrease from 205 min to 130 min (p<0.05). Drying time of sprouts in the infrared dryer was significantly less than the hot-air dryer (p<0.05). Effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff) calculated by Fick's second law, varied in the range of 1.06×10-10 - 1.60×10-10 m2s-1, and 0.98×10-9 - 1.15×10-9 m2s-1, for hot-air and infrared dried samples, respectively. Experimental data for drying curves were fitted to various thin-layer equations, and the Midilli equation was best suited to explain drying kinetics of sprouted mung beans. Average rehydration ratio of dried sprouted mung beans in hot-air and infrared dryers were 262.55%, and 211.65%, respectively. In summary, the microwave pretreatment (about 60 sec) and use of infrared dryer is appropriate drying technique for sprouted mung beans with faster mass transfer and shorter drying time.https://jift.irost.ir/article_1358_83adc9225e4deb67d7ce42d58fe5157c.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Innovative Food Technologies2783-350X11320240420Effect of ultrasonic and infrared treatments on microbial population, physicochemical properties, and total phenols of sprouted wheat powderEffect of ultrasonic and infrared treatments on microbial population, physicochemical properties, and total phenols of sprouted wheat powder197211141610.22104/ift.2024.6712.2166FASamiraAmin-EkhlasDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranMohammadrezaPajohi-AlamotiDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranFakhreddinSalehi2- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranJournal Article20240120Sprouting is a simple technique for improving the nutritional and quality characteristics of cereal grains. The purpose of this work was to examine ultrasonic pretreatment and drying methods (hot-air and infrared) on microbial population (total bacterial counts, molds, and yeasts), physicochemical properties (ash content, moisture, acidity, pH, lightness, redness, and yellowness), and total phenolic content of sprouted wheat powder (SWP). The results confirmed that the sonication decreased the total bacterial count of SWP. In this work, drying sprouted wheat with the hot-air and infrared radiation killed all molds and yeasts in the powders, and no molds or yeasts grew on the microbial plates. Moisture content, redness, yellowness, and phenolic content of SWP dried by the infrared dryer were higher than those by the hot-air dryer. The acidity and lightness of SWP dried by the hot-air dryer were higher than those by the infrared dryer. Applying ultrasonic pretreatment to sprouted wheat increased the amount of phenolic compounds in the powders, but this increase was not significant (p>0.05). In general, ultrasonic pretreatment and the use of infrared dryers are promising techniques for production of SWP with high phenolic content and low microbial population.Sprouting is a simple technique for improving the nutritional and quality characteristics of cereal grains. The purpose of this work was to examine ultrasonic pretreatment and drying methods (hot-air and infrared) on microbial population (total bacterial counts, molds, and yeasts), physicochemical properties (ash content, moisture, acidity, pH, lightness, redness, and yellowness), and total phenolic content of sprouted wheat powder (SWP). The results confirmed that the sonication decreased the total bacterial count of SWP. In this work, drying sprouted wheat with the hot-air and infrared radiation killed all molds and yeasts in the powders, and no molds or yeasts grew on the microbial plates. Moisture content, redness, yellowness, and phenolic content of SWP dried by the infrared dryer were higher than those by the hot-air dryer. The acidity and lightness of SWP dried by the hot-air dryer were higher than those by the infrared dryer. Applying ultrasonic pretreatment to sprouted wheat increased the amount of phenolic compounds in the powders, but this increase was not significant (p>0.05). In general, ultrasonic pretreatment and the use of infrared dryers are promising techniques for production of SWP with high phenolic content and low microbial population.https://jift.irost.ir/article_1416_23ad3e314e2a2b43b4c720507cec0723.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Innovative Food Technologies2783-350X11320240420Use of microwave for change in rheological properties of Balangu seed mucilageUse of microwave for change in rheological properties of Balangu seed mucilage212225139010.22104/ift.2024.6772.2168FAFakhreddinSalehiAssociate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-6653-860XKimiaSamaryMSc Student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0009-0009-2552-9131MaryamTashakoriMSc Student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Industry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranJournal Article20240302Aqueous solutions of Balangu seeds mucilage (BSM) have high viscosity and exhibit pseudoplastic behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of microwave treatment at different time intervals on the rheological behavior of BSM solutions. The finding of this study revealed that the apparent viscosity of BSM solution (non-treated solution) reduced from 0.044 Pa.s to 0.015 Pa.s as the shear-rate (SR) raised continuously from 12.2 s-1 to 171.2 s-1. Additionally, the apparent viscosity of the BSM solutions reduced from 0.029 Pa.s to 0.026 Pa.s as the microwave exposure time increased from 0 to 3 min (SR=37 s-1). The Power law rheological model showed a good performance with the maximum correlation coefficient (>0.9984), and the minimum sum of squared error (SSE) values (<0.0107) and root mean square error (RMSE) values (<0.0298) for all mucilage solutions. The consistency coefficient of BSM solution increased significantly from 0.130 Pa.sn to 0.153 Pa.sn (p<0.05) with increasing microwave exposure time from 0 to 3 min. The flow behavior index of BSM solutions reduced significantly from 0.577 to 0.512 (p<0.05) as the microwave treatment time increased. The results of Casson model showed that the values of the Casson yield stress were between 0.2475 Pa and 0.3294 Pa, and the Casson plastic viscosity were between 0.0666 Pa.s and 0.0845 Pa.s. In total, microwave treatment changed the rheological parameters and reduced the viscosity of BSM.Aqueous solutions of Balangu seeds mucilage (BSM) have high viscosity and exhibit pseudoplastic behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of microwave treatment at different time intervals on the rheological behavior of BSM solutions. The finding of this study revealed that the apparent viscosity of BSM solution (non-treated solution) reduced from 0.044 Pa.s to 0.015 Pa.s as the shear-rate (SR) raised continuously from 12.2 s-1 to 171.2 s-1. Additionally, the apparent viscosity of the BSM solutions reduced from 0.029 Pa.s to 0.026 Pa.s as the microwave exposure time increased from 0 to 3 min (SR=37 s-1). The Power law rheological model showed a good performance with the maximum correlation coefficient (>0.9984), and the minimum sum of squared error (SSE) values (<0.0107) and root mean square error (RMSE) values (<0.0298) for all mucilage solutions. The consistency coefficient of BSM solution increased significantly from 0.130 Pa.sn to 0.153 Pa.sn (p<0.05) with increasing microwave exposure time from 0 to 3 min. The flow behavior index of BSM solutions reduced significantly from 0.577 to 0.512 (p<0.05) as the microwave treatment time increased. The results of Casson model showed that the values of the Casson yield stress were between 0.2475 Pa and 0.3294 Pa, and the Casson plastic viscosity were between 0.0666 Pa.s and 0.0845 Pa.s. In total, microwave treatment changed the rheological parameters and reduced the viscosity of BSM.https://jift.irost.ir/article_1390_359f38463d487e9e29bd20e24f0c050a.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Innovative Food Technologies2783-350X11320240420Improving the oxidative stability of purslane seed oil via emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate-inulin mixtures and conjugatesImproving the oxidative stability of purslane seed oil via emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate-inulin mixtures and conjugates226248135410.22104/ift.2024.6570.2160FAAdelehMohammadiFaculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural
Sciences and Natural Resources,0000-0002-8744-1540MohammadGhorbaniAssociate Professor, Department of Food science and technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan , Iran0000-0001-5606-7544AlirezaSadeghi MahoonakFaculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural
Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran0000-0002-7461-1440Seid MahdiJafariFaculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural
Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranJournal Article20231030The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant ability of whey protein isolate-inulin mixtures and conjugates to inhibit the oxidation of purslane seed oil. The conjugation variables were WPI to inulin ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1w/w) and incubation temperatures (60 and 80°C) at 79% relative humidity for 24 h. The reaction was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Functional properties of the samples, including emulsion stability, rheological behavior, and thermal stability were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the glass transition temperature and denaturation temperature of the conjugates increased in comparison with other samples. The results of zeta-potential, particle size and emulsion stability indicated that the WPI-inulin conjugates were the most influential factor at stabilizing O/W emulsions compared with mixture samples. The oxidative stability of Purslane seed oil increased with increasing the incubation temperature of conjugates, so the emulsions stabilized by conjugates produced at 80°C showed lower levels of conjugated dienes and anisidine value. Results indicated that conjugation of WPI with inulin led to improved thermal stability, antioxidant capacity and emulsion stability of the samples.The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant ability of whey protein isolate-inulin mixtures and conjugates to inhibit the oxidation of purslane seed oil. The conjugation variables were WPI to inulin ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1w/w) and incubation temperatures (60 and 80°C) at 79% relative humidity for 24 h. The reaction was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Functional properties of the samples, including emulsion stability, rheological behavior, and thermal stability were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the glass transition temperature and denaturation temperature of the conjugates increased in comparison with other samples. The results of zeta-potential, particle size and emulsion stability indicated that the WPI-inulin conjugates were the most influential factor at stabilizing O/W emulsions compared with mixture samples. The oxidative stability of Purslane seed oil increased with increasing the incubation temperature of conjugates, so the emulsions stabilized by conjugates produced at 80°C showed lower levels of conjugated dienes and anisidine value. Results indicated that conjugation of WPI with inulin led to improved thermal stability, antioxidant capacity and emulsion stability of the samples.https://jift.irost.ir/article_1354_af4732711661056eadbf798ba191272a.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Innovative Food Technologies2783-350X11320240420Evaluating the criteria for flour quality based on Fuzzy DEMATELEvaluating the criteria for flour quality based on Fuzzy DEMATEL249275146810.22104/ift.2024.6979.2177FAMohammadNoshadDepartment of Food Science &amp; Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Khuzestan Ramin University of Agricultural &amp; Natural Resources, Mollasani, Iran0000-0002-4060-9254MohammadHojjatiAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanJournal Article20240718Considering the importance of physicochemical characteristics on the quality of produced flour, and the fact that the quality of flour depends on many physicochemical parameters, choosing the most important physicochemical characteristics to evaluate flour quality becomes a multi-criteria decision making problem. Fuzzy DEMATEL methods and hierarchical analysis are among the newest multi-criteria decision making methods. In this research, the quality of flours from Khuzestan province was first examined based on physicochemical and microbial characteristics. The combination of two methods, Fuzzy DEMATEL and TOPSIS, was then used to select the best physicochemical and microbial characteristics for evaluation. The research aimed to answer the question of what the most important physicochemical and microbial properties affecting the quality of flour are, and what the relationship model between them is. Based on the research and expert opinions, 2 indicators (physicochemical and microbial) characteristics (and 15 sub-indices) were identified amount of ash insoluble in acid, total ash, moisture content, iron, amount of gluten, pH, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, acidity, protein, heavy metals, total aflatoxin, total mold count, mesophilic microorganisms count and live pests count) were divided. According to the research, five factors (moisture content, iron content, acidity, total ash content and total aflatoxin content) play a significant role in the evaluating the quality of flour, affecting other factors or criteria. Aflatoxin B1 and mesophilic microorganisms are related, indicating that other factors influence these two factors. On the contrary, factors such as pH level, ash insoluble in acid and ochratoxin A are considered negligible or eliminated. By identifying unimportant and omitted factors, it is possible to streamline the evaluation process of flour quality, ultimately saving time and money.Considering the importance of physicochemical characteristics on the quality of produced flour, and the fact that the quality of flour depends on many physicochemical parameters, choosing the most important physicochemical characteristics to evaluate flour quality becomes a multi-criteria decision making problem. Fuzzy DEMATEL methods and hierarchical analysis are among the newest multi-criteria decision making methods. In this research, the quality of flours from Khuzestan province was first examined based on physicochemical and microbial characteristics. The combination of two methods, Fuzzy DEMATEL and TOPSIS, was then used to select the best physicochemical and microbial characteristics for evaluation. The research aimed to answer the question of what the most important physicochemical and microbial properties affecting the quality of flour are, and what the relationship model between them is. Based on the research and expert opinions, 2 indicators (physicochemical and microbial) characteristics (and 15 sub-indices) were identified amount of ash insoluble in acid, total ash, moisture content, iron, amount of gluten, pH, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, acidity, protein, heavy metals, total aflatoxin, total mold count, mesophilic microorganisms count and live pests count) were divided. According to the research, five factors (moisture content, iron content, acidity, total ash content and total aflatoxin content) play a significant role in the evaluating the quality of flour, affecting other factors or criteria. Aflatoxin B1 and mesophilic microorganisms are related, indicating that other factors influence these two factors. On the contrary, factors such as pH level, ash insoluble in acid and ochratoxin A are considered negligible or eliminated. By identifying unimportant and omitted factors, it is possible to streamline the evaluation process of flour quality, ultimately saving time and money.https://jift.irost.ir/article_1468_cec6f62cfb44b1be110b7bf70c8362d8.pdfIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST)Innovative Food Technologies2783-350X11320240420Characterization of Functional White Chocolate Enriched by Mango Peel and Tagatose: A Practical InvestigationCharacterization of Functional White Chocolate Enriched by Mango Peel and Tagatose: A Practical Investigation276294147910.22104/ift.2024.6982.2179FASomayehRahimiDepartment of Food Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran–Iran0000-0001-8596-5546MohaddesehMikaniDepartment of Food Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran–IranMojtabaRoustaeeDepartment of Food Science & Technology, Shahr-e-Qhods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran–IranJournal Article20240707With the diabetes increasing spread, as well as customers' desire to consume of functional foods, the dietary products formulation has been extensively deliberated. For this tenacity, in the current case, mango peel powder exploited at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% as well as tagatose at levels of 0, 11, 22 and 33% in white chocolate. Chocolates evaluated for rheological properties, sensory properties, and physicochemical assets (moisture, total sugar, acidity, fat, water activity, and color indexes), as well as the calorie, phenolic compounds content and free radical scavenging activity. The outcomes presented that raising the mango peel amount increased moisture, water activity, total sugar and fat in chocolates, while moisture, and water activity reduced by using tagatose, significantly (p≤0.05). In conclusion, the sample T10, with 5% of mango peel powder and 11% of tagatose was chosen as the best formulation for enrichment of white chocolate due to its good characteristics and high organoleptic value. The addition of mango peel enhanced the chocolate nutritional excellence and furthermore developed the nutraceutical assets by improving its antioxidant activity.With the diabetes increasing spread, as well as customers' desire to consume of functional foods, the dietary products formulation has been extensively deliberated. For this tenacity, in the current case, mango peel powder exploited at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% as well as tagatose at levels of 0, 11, 22 and 33% in white chocolate. Chocolates evaluated for rheological properties, sensory properties, and physicochemical assets (moisture, total sugar, acidity, fat, water activity, and color indexes), as well as the calorie, phenolic compounds content and free radical scavenging activity. The outcomes presented that raising the mango peel amount increased moisture, water activity, total sugar and fat in chocolates, while moisture, and water activity reduced by using tagatose, significantly (p≤0.05). In conclusion, the sample T10, with 5% of mango peel powder and 11% of tagatose was chosen as the best formulation for enrichment of white chocolate due to its good characteristics and high organoleptic value. The addition of mango peel enhanced the chocolate nutritional excellence and furthermore developed the nutraceutical assets by improving its antioxidant activity.https://jift.irost.ir/article_1479_dc09c97fd73d7a324bdbfe7c79525f64.pdf